“The papacy.. continued to recognize Stephen as king. It could not do otherwise: however suspect Stephen’s ascent to the throne, he had undeniably been anointed, and that beyond question made him a king.” --Henry II, W. L. Warren, pp. 19-20.* Ceremony in the middle ages was a powerful thing. Even the hands of the pope were tied in the case of Stephen of Blois, who cleverly cut in line to the throne. The act of being anointed by the archbishop of Canterbury “beyond question made him a king.” In today’s terms, imagine after the 2008 presidential election, John Mccain convincing Justice Roberts to administer the oath of office to him instead of Barack Obama. He would certainly not have thereby been our new president.